Scopes and Hubs

When an event is captured and sent to Sentry, SDKs will merge that event data with extra information from the current scope. SDKs will typically automatically manage the scopes for you in the framework integrations and you don't need to think about them. However, you should know what a scope is and how you can use it for your advantage.

What's a Scope, What's a Hub

You can think of the hub as the central point that our SDKs use to route an event to Sentry. When you call init() a hub is created and a client and a blank scope are created on it. That hub is then associated with the current thread and will internally hold a stack of scopes.

The scope will hold useful information that should be sent along with the event. For instance contexts or breadcrumbs are stored on the scope. When a scope is pushed, it inherits all data from the parent scope and when it pops all modifications are reverted.

The default SDK integrations will push and pop scopes intelligently. For instance web framework integrations will create and destroy scopes around your routes or controllers.

How the Scope and Hub Work

As you start using an SDK, a scope and hub are automatically created for you out of the box. It's unlikely that you'll interact with the hub directly unless you're writing an integration or you want to create or destroy scopes. Scopes, on the other hand are more user facing. You can call configure-scope at any point in time to to modify data stored on the scope. This is useful for doing things like modifying the context.

When you call a global function such as capture_event internally Sentry discovers the current hub and asks it to capture an event. Internally the hub will then merge the event with the topmost scope's data.

Configuring the Scope

The most useful operation when working with scopes is the configure-scope function. It can be used to reconfigure the current scope.

You can, for instance, add custom tags or inform Sentry about the currently authenticated user.

import io.sentry.Sentry;
import io.sentry.protocol.User;

Sentry.configureScope(scope -> {
  scope.setTag("my-tag", "my value");
  User user = new User();
  user.setId("42");
  user.setEmail("john.doe@example.com");
  scope.setUser(user);
});

You can also apply this configuration when unsetting a user at logout:

import io.sentry.Sentry;

Sentry.configureScope(scope -> {
  scope.setUser(null);
});

<application>
    <meta-data android:name="io.sentry.ndk.scope-sync.enable" android:value="true" />
</application>

To learn what useful information can be associated with scopes see the context documentation.